Original Article
  • Super Duplex Stainless Steel Matrix Composites with High Strength and Favorable Ductility Achieved Through Laser Powder Bed Fusion and Powder Mixture

  • Yongjian Fang*, Yali Zhang*, Jonghwan Suhr*†

  • * School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea

  • This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

References
  • 1. Paijan, L.H., Berhan, M.N., Adenan, M.S., Yusof, N.F.M., and Haruman, E., “Structural Development of Expanded Austenite on Duplex Stainless Steel by Low Temperature Thermochemical Nitriding Process,” Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 576, 2012, pp. 260-263.
  •  
  • 2. Fang, Y., Kim, M.-K., Zhang, Y., Kim, T., No, J., and Suhr, J., “A New Grain Refinement Route for Duplex Stainless Steels: Micro-duplex Stainless Steel Matrix Composites Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 881, 2023, pp. 145351.
  •  
  • 3. Fang, Y., Kim, M.-K., Zhang, Y., Duan, Z., Yuan, Q., and Suhr, J., “Particulate-reinforced Iron-based Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 74, 2022, pp. 592-639.
  •  
  • 4. Gao, Y., Chen, H., Zhou, J., Tian, W., Nie, H., Wang, W., and Liang, J., “Microstructures and Wear Behaviors of WC Particle Reinforced Nickel-based Composites Fabricated by selective laser melting,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 95, 2023, pp. 291-301.
  •  
  • 5. Zhai, W., Zhou, W., and Nai, S.M.L., “In-situ Formation of TiC Nanoparticles in Selective Laser Melting of 316L with Addition of Micronsized TiC Particles,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 829, 2022, pp. 142179.
  •  
  • 6. Haghdadi, N., Ledermueller, C., Chen, H., Chen, Z., Liu, Q., Li, X., Rohrer, G., Liao, X., Ringer, S., and Primig, S., “Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels during Additive Manufacturing and Heat Treatment,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 835, 2022, pp. 142695.
  •  
  • 7. DebRoy, T., Wei, H.L., Zuback, J.S., Mukherjee, T., Elmer, J.W., Milewski, J.O., Beese, A.M., Wilson-Heid, A., De, A., and Zhang, W., “Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Components-process, Structure and Properties,” Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 92, 2018, pp. 112-224.
  •  
  • 8. ASTM E 8M-04 Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, American Society for Testing and Materials, USA, 2004.
  •  
  • 9. Fang, Y., Zhang, Y., Kim, M.-K., Kim, H.-I., No, J., Duan, Z., Yuan, Q., and Suhr, J., “An Austenite-rich Composite of Stainless Steels with High Strength and Favorable Ductility via Selective Laser Melting of a Powder Mixture,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 855, 2022, pp. 143891.
  •  
  • 10. Zhang, D., Liu, A., Yin, B., and Wen, P., “Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steels - A Critical Review,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 73, 2022, pp. 496-517.
  •  
  • 11. Fu, J.W., Yang, Y.S., Guo, J.J., and Tong, W.H., “Effect of Cooling Rate on Solidification Microstructures in AISI 304 Stainless Steel,” Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 24, 2008, pp. 941-944.
  •  
  • 12. AlMangour, B., Grzesiak, D., and Yang, J.-M., “Nanocrystalline TiC-reinforced H13 Steel Matrix Nanocomposites Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting,” Materials & Design, Vol. 96, 2016, pp. 150-161.
  •  
  • 13. Zhang, Y., Fang, Y., Kim, M.-K., Duan, Z., Yuan, Q., Oh, E., and Suhr, J., “In-situ TiCxNy Nanoparticle Reinforced Crack-free CoCrFeNi Medium-entropy Alloy Matrix Nanocomposites with High Strength and Ductility via Laser Powder Bed Fusion,” Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 273, 2024, 111237.
  •  
  • 14. Jiang, D., Birbilis, N., Hutchinson, C.R., and Brameld, M., “On the Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of additively Manufactured Duplex Stainless Steels Produced Using Laser-powder Bed Fusion,” Corrosion, Vol. 76, 2020, pp. 871-883.
  •  
  • 15. Becker, L., Boes, J., Lentz, J., Cui, C., Steinbacher, M., Li, Y., Fechte-Heinen, R., Theisen, W., and Weber, S., “Influence of Annealing Time on the Microstructure and Properties of Additively Manufactured X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 Duplex Stainless Steel: Experiment and Simulation,” Materialia, Vol. 28, 2023, 101720.
  •  
  • 16. Kunz, J., Boontanom, A., Herzog, S., Suwanpinij, P., Kaletsch, A., and Broeckmann, C., “Influence of Hot Isostatic Pressing Post-treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Standard and Super Duplex Stainless Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 794, 2020, 139806.
  •  
  • 17. M Brázda, P.S., Rzepa, S., Melzer, D., and Vavřík, J., “Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Duplex Steel SAF 2507 Manufactured by DED,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 1178, 2021, 012008.
  •  
  • 18. Mulhi, A., Dehgahi, S., Waghmare, P., and Qureshi, A.J., “Process Parameter Optimization of 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Additively Manufactured by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Technique,” Metals, Vol. 13, 2023, 725.
  •  
  • 19. Roos, S., Botero, C., and Rännar, L.-E., “Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Processing of 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel. As-built Phase Composition and Microstructural Properties,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Vol. 24, 2023, pp. 6473-6483.
  •  
  • 20. Salvetr, P., Školáková, A., Melzer, D., Brázda, M., Duchoň, J., Drahokoupil, J., Svora, P., Msallamová, Š., and Novák, P., “Characterization of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 Deposited by Directed Energy Deposition,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 857, 2022, 144084.
  •  
  • 21. Xie, C., Li, B., Liu, G., Liu, J., Ying, H., Li, D., Wang, S., and Wang, L., “Study on the Effect of Solution Treatment on Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of SAF 2507 DSS Produced by LPBF,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Vol. 26, 2023, pp. 2070-2081.
  •  
  • 22. Kohler, M.L., Kunz, J., Herzog, S., Kaletsch, A., and Broeckmann, C., “Microstructure Analysis of Novel LPBF-processed Duplex Stainless Steels Correlated to Their Mechanical and Corrosion Properties,” Materials Science & Engineering A, Vol. 801, 2021, 140432.
  •  
  • 23. Saba, F., Zhang, F., Liu, S., and Liu, T., “Reinforcement Size Dependence of Mechanical Properties and Strengthening Mechanisms in Diamond Reinforced Titanium Metal Matrix Composites,” Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 167, 2019, pp. 7-19.
  •  
  • 24. Zhai, W., Zhu, Z., Zhou, W., Nai, S.M.L., and Wei, J., “Selective Laser Melting of Dispersed TiC Particles Strengthened 316L Stainless Steel,” Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 199, 2020, 108291.
  •  
  • 25. Gao, C., Wu, W., Shi, J., Xiao, Z., and Akbarzadeh, A.H., “Simultaneous Enhancement of Strength, Ductility, and Hardness of TiN/AlSi10Mg Nanocomposites via Selective Laser Melting,” Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 34, 2020, 101378.
  •  

This Article

Correspondence to

  • Jonghwan Suhr

  • * School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea

  • E-mail: suhr@skku.edu