Special Issue
  • Styrene-free Synthesis of Flame-retardant Vinyl Ester Resin Films for Hot-melt Prepreg Process
  • Jiseon Kang*, Minji Kim*, Mongyoung Huh**†, Seok Il Yun*†

  • * Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
    ** Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency, 2nd R&D Office, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk, Korea

  • 핫멜트 프리프레그 공정용 난연성 비닐에스터 수지 필름의 무 스티렌 합성
  • 강지선*· 김민지*· 허몽영**† · 윤석일*†

  • This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

References
  • 1. Jaswal, S., and Gaur, B., “New Trends in Vinyl Ester Resins,” Reviews in Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 6, 2014, pp. 567-581.
  •  
  • 2. Afshar, A., Liao, H.T., Chiang, F., and Korach, C.S., “Time-dependent Changes in Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Vinyl Ester Composites Exposed to Marine Environments,” Composite Structures, Vol. 144, 2016, pp. 80-85.
  •  
  • 3. La Scala, J.J., Sands, J.M., Orlicki, J.A., Robinette, E.J., and Palmese, G.R., “Fatty Acidbased Monomers as Styrene Replacements for Liquid Molding Resins,” Polymer, Vol. 45, No. 22, 2004, pp. 7729-7737.
  •  
  • 4. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories, 40 CFR Part 63. , 2021 (Assessed 1 December 2021).
  •  
  • 5. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens, 2016. .
  •  
  • 6. Chen, L., and Wang, Y.Z., “A Review on Flame Retardant Technology in China. Part I: Development of Flame Retardants,” Polymer Advanced Technologies, Vol. 21, 2010, pp. 1-26.
  •  
  • 7. Dowbysz, A., Samsonowicz, M., and Kukfisz, B., “Modification of Glass/Polyester Laminates with Flame Retardants,” Materials, Vol. 14, 2021, pp. 7901.
  •  
  • 8. Kacew, S., Blais, M.S., Hayes, A.W., Droege, W., and Osimitz, T.G., “Benefit Versus Risk Associated with the Use of Brominated Flame Retardants,” Current Opinion in Toxicology, Vol. 22, 2020, pp. 19-24.
  •  
  • 9. Dev. S., Shah, P.N., Zhang, Y., Ryan, D., Hansen, C.J., and Lee, Y., “Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of Flame Retardant Vinyl Ester Resin for Structural Composites,” Polymer, Vol. 133, 2017, pp. 20-29.
  •  
  • 10. Cho, Y., Kang, J., Huh, M., and Yun, S.I., “Styrene-free Synthesis and Curing Behavior of Vinyl Ester Resin Films for Hot-melt Prepreg Process,” Materials Today Communications, Vol. 30, 2022, pp. 103143.
  •  
  • 11. Sandner, B., and Schreiber, R., “Synthesis and Polymerization of Epoxymethacrylates, 1 Catalysis and Kinetics of the Addition Reaction of Methacrylic Acid and 2,2-bis[4(2,3-epoxypropoxy) phenyl]Propane,” Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Vol. 193 No. 11, 1992, pp. 2763-2770.
  •  
  • 12. Sultaniaa, M., Yadawb, S.B., Raia, J.S.P., and Srivastava, D., “Laminates Based on Vinyl Ester Resin and Glass Fabric: A Study on the Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics,” Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 527, No. 18-19, 2010, pp. 4560-4570.
  •  
  • 13. Kopyshev, M.V., Khasin, A.V., Minyukova, T.P., Khassin, A.A., and Yurieva, T.M., “Esterification of Pentaerythritol by Carboxylic Acids,” Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Catalysis, Vol. 117, 2016, pp. 417–427.
  •  
  • 14. Sheinbaum, M., Sheinbaum, L., Weizman, O., Dodiuk, H., Dichter, S., and Kenig, S., “Toughening of Epoxy Systems by Brominated Epoxy,” Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 59, No. 1, 2019, pp. 206-215.
  •  
  • 15. Sheinbaum, M., Sheinbaum, L., Weizman, O., Dodiuk, H., and Kenig, S., “Toughening and Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Adhesives and Glass-fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites by Brominated Epoxy,” Composites Part B, Vol. 165, 2019, pp. 604-612.
  •  
  • 16. Shahari, S., Fathullah, M., Abdullah, M.M.A.B., Shayfull, Z., Mia, M., and Darmawan, V.E.B., “Recent Developments in Fire Retardant Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite and Geopolymer as a Potential Fire-retardant Material: A Review,” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 277, 2021, pp. 122246.
  •  
  • 17. Zhou, D.F., Qi, F., Chen, X.L., Guo, J.B., Zuo, X.L., and Shao, H.J., “Effect of Brominated Epoxy Resins on the Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Long-Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6,” International Polymer Processing, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2016, pp. 482-490.
  •  
  • 18. Niu, H., Nabipour, H., Wang, X., Song, L., and Hu, Y., “Phosphorus-Free Vanillin-Derived Intrinsically Flame-Retardant Epoxy Thermoset with Extremely Low Heat Release Rate and Smoke Emission,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 29, 2021, pp. 5268-5277.
  •  
  • 19. Luda, M.P., Balabanovichand, A.I., and Zanetti, M., “Pyrolysis of Fire Retardant Anhydride-cured Epoxy Resins,” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 88, 29, 2010, pp. 39-52.
  •  
  • 20. Kaynak, C., and Isitman, N.A., “Synergistic Fire Retardancy of Colemanite, a Natural Hydrated Calcium Borate, in High-impact Polystyrene Containing Brominated Epoxy and Antimony Oxide,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 96, 2011, pp. 798-807.
  •  
  • 21. Fox, J.R. “Optimized Resins and Sizings for Vinyl Ester/Carbon Fiber Composites,” Final Technical Report, 2018.
  •  
  • 22. Galos, J., “Thin-ply Composite Laminates: A Review,” Composite Structures, Vol. 236, 2020, pp. 111920.
  •  

This Article

Correspondence to

  • Seok Il Yun
  • Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea

  • E-mail: yunsans@smu.ac.kr